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10 Things You Need To Know About Alan Turing and His Fascinating Legacy

Turing was a brilliant mathematician who studied at both Cambridge - where he was awarded first-class honors in mathematics - and Princeton universities. In addition to his purely mathematical work, he studied cryptology and also built three of four stages of an electro-mechanical binary multiplier.

It is estimated that the intelligence produced at Bletchley Park shortened the war by two to four years, and Turing played a central role in this. Alan Turing's main focus was cracking the Enigma code used by the German armed forces to send messages securely.

Polish mathematicians had worked out how to read Enigma messages and shared this information with the British. However, the Germans increased its security at the outbreak of war by changing the cipher system daily, making the task of understanding the code even more difficult.

Turing set about cracking the Enigma messages, inventing a machine known as the Bombe that helped significantly reduce the work of code-breakers. The Bombe used logic to decipher the encrypted messages by working backwards through the coding process of the Enigma Machine to determine how the machine was set every day.

By the mids German Air Force signals were being read at Bletchley and the intelligence gained from them was helping the war effort. After the war, Alan Turing continued to use his considerable expertise in computing to develop his ideas about computer science.

He worked on the design of the ACE Automatic Computing Engine at the National Physical Laboratory, which many people still see as the forerunner to the modern computer. In Turing became Deputy Director of the Computing Machine Laboratory at the Victoria University of Manchester, working on software for one of the earliest stored-program computers - the Manchester Mark 1.

And besides designing computer systems, Turing also became a pioneer in artificial intelligence. He avoided a prison sentence by accepting chemical castration but the conviction led to the removal of his security clearance and barred him from continuing with his cryptographic consultancy for the Government Communications Headquarters.

On 8 June he was found dead from cyanide poisoning at his home, with an inquest ruling that he died of suicide. Infollowing petitions from the pubic, Turing given a posthumous royal pardon after bills were submitted in Parliament and the House of Lords. A pardon from the Queen is a fitting tribute to an exceptional man.

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